Starting vegetable seeds indoors is a great way to get a jump start on your gardening season and ensure a bountiful harvest. However, there are several common issues that you may encounter when starting seeds indoors. Let’s discuss a few ways to avoid or fix them and don’t miss my Indoor Seed Starting Guide to learn more!

Poor Germination

Poor germination is a common issue when starting vegetable seeds indoors. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including using old or expired seeds, improper soil temperature, insufficient light, or inconsistent watering. 

To prevent poor germination:

• Check the dates on your seeds as the germination rates go down each year
• Follow seed packet instructions on depth to plant
• Keep a consistent temperature
• Keep soil moist but not waterlogged

Leggy Seedling

Leggy seedlings are seedlings that grow too tall and thin, indicating a lack of adequate light. This can be caused by not providing enough light or by positioning the light source too far away from the seedlings.

To avoid leggy seedlings:

• Use LED grow lights (ideally 240W/ 5,000K) or shop lights positioned as close to the seedlings as possible without touching. 
• Provide 12-16 hours of light per day.

Damping Off

Damping off is a fungal disease that affects young seedlings and can cause them to wilt and die. This disease is often caused by overwatering, poor air circulation, or using contaminated soil or pots.

To prevent damping off:

• Use a fan to ensure adequate air circulation
• Use clean pots and fresh soil
• Avoid overwatering
• Carefully remove any visible mold

Nutrient Deficiency

Vegetable seedlings require balanced and nutrient-rich soil to grow strong and healthy.

Use a high-quality seed-starting mix that is specifically designed for vegetable seedlings. Fertilize the soil with a balanced, organic fertilizer every few weeks after the seedlings have formed at least one set of true leaves. I suggest Fish Emulsion. Signs that your seedling is not receiving enough nutrients include:

• Yellowing leaves: It may be a sign that they are lacking nitrogen. (Remedy with Fish Emulsion)
• Purple stems or veins: It may be a sign that they are lacking phosphorus. (Remedy with Bonemeal)
• Small or distorted leaves: It may be a sign that they are lacking potassium. (Remedy with Seaweed fertilizer)
• Brown or yellow spots on leaves: It may be a sign that they are lacking calcium.
• Curling or wilting leaves: It may be a sign that they are lacking water or nutrients.

To prevent nutrient deficiencies:

• Use a high-quality seed-starting mix that is specifically designed for vegetable seedlings.
• Fertilize the soil with a balanced, organic fertilizer every few weeks after the seedlings have formed at least one set of true leaves. I suggest Fish Emulsion. 
• Avoid over or under-watering your seedlings.

Pests and Disease

Pests and diseases can also be an issue when starting vegetable seeds indoors. Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies, while common diseases include powdery mildew and fungal infections.

To prevent pests and diseases:

• Keep the area around your seedlings clean. 
• Remove any dead leaves or debris.
• Consider using natural pest control methods, such as neem oil.

Happy Growing!